Poster calling to donate to the aid campaign for She’erit Ha-Pletah. Illustration of a mother and child on the background of a map of Europe. Hebrew caption on the lower part: “Le-Hatzalat Ha-She’erit”.

She’arit Hapleta” (The Surviving Remnant) is a term used to describe the holocaust Jewish survivors and refugees.

At the war’s end, approximately 200,000 Jewish survivors of concentration camps, death camps, and death marches remained, with thousands of them succumbing to illness, disease, and the trauma or shock of the liberation. Those who endured searched for loved ones, often in vain, venturing from camps and forests to their pre-war homes, only to face hostility and violence from their neighbors. Around 1,000 survivors fell victim to anti-Semitic and Nazi gangs in the initial post-liberation months.

Fleeing this hostility, most survivors converged in DP camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy, where by late 1946, approximately 250,000 resided. Despite harsh conditions, they fostered vibrant Jewish life, nurturing education, culture, religion, and political engagement.

“Liberated But Not Free” The reality in the DP camp was extremely difficult; the countries beyond the sea restricted immigration, and the gates of Mandatory Israel were locked, due to the refusal of Mandate authorities to implement a new policy to the restrictive 1939 “White Book” even after the Holocaust hours. Between 1945 and 1948, roughly 70,000 survivors made their way to Israel aboard dilapidated ships, only to face British deportation to Cyprus and internment in detention camps. Around 52,000 found themselves once more confined behind wire fences.

On November 29, 1947, the United Nations voted to end the British mandate and establish a Jewish state alongside an Arab state. The next day, battles broke out in Israel. The Holocaust survivors played a central role in the battles as well as in the War of Independence that broke out in May 1948. About half of Israel’s fighting force after the establishment of the IDF were Holocaust survivors, and about a third of all those killed in combat were survivors of the Holocaust horrors.

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The Notrim (Hebrew: נוטרים, lit. Guards; singular: Noter) were a Jewish Police Force set up by the British in Mandatory Palestine in 1936 to help defend Jewish lives and property during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.[1] The force was divided into Supernumerary Police and highly mobile Settlement Police.[1] Members were recruited almost entirely from the Haganah.

As notrim thousands of young men had their first experience of military training, which Moshe Shertok and Eliyahu Golomb cited as one of the fruits of the Haganah’s policy of havlagah (restraint).

The British authorities maintained, financed and armed the Notrim until the end of the Mandate, even though they knew that although the force was nominally answerable to the Palestine Police Force it was in fact controlled by the Haganah.

After World War II, the Notrim became the core of the Israeli Military Police.

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“Come on Help us win”

Brigadier General Israela Oron, O.C Women’s Corps, and Esther Herlitz, presenter, at “Dor l’Dor Yabia Omer,” a meeting held on the occasion of a visit of Women Veterans of ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service) and WAAF (Women’s Auxiliary Air Force) to the Chen Training Camp in Sarafand, June 19, 1996.

ATS and WAAF in World War II

by Esther Herlitz

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Recruitment for the Jewish Brigade – Poster Designed by Shamir Brothers
“LeNakam VeleGeula!”, poster encouraging enlistment to the Jewish Brigade. Linol: inst. Z. [Zvi] Bergman, Shamir & Associates printing press Ltd. [ca. 1945]. Design: Shamir Brothers.
Poster in color depicting a brigade soldier holding a rifle, with more soldiers in the background, attacking, and the Israeli flag.

THE JEWISH BRIGADE GROUP
Beginning in 1920, Great Britain ruled Palestine under a mandate created by the League of Nations. The British were to facilitate the establishment of a modern Jewish homeland. Due to Arab opposition to the proposed Jewish homeland in Palestine, the British initially refused to establish a separate fighting unit of Jewish volunteers from Palestine. However, wartime manpower requirements and the strategic need to defend the Middle East induced the British to permit the formation of 15 Palestinian Jewish battalions. These units were incorporated into the British army in September 1940.

Jewish units fought with the Allies in Greece in 1941; 100 Palestinian Jews were killed there and 1,700 captured by the Germans. On August 6, 1942, the British army formed a Palestine Regiment out of three Jewish and one Palestinian Arab battalion. The regiment fought in Egypt and in the battles of North Africa.

The Jewish Brigade Group of the British army, which fought under the Zionist flag, was formally established in September 1944. It included more than 5,000 Jewish volunteers from Palestine organized into three infantry battalions and several supporting units. Under the command of Brigadier Ernest Benjamin, the Jewish Brigade fought against the Germans in Italy from March 1945 until the end of the war in May 1945.

After the German surrender, the Jewish Brigade was stationed along the Italian border with Austria and Yugoslavia, and later in Belgium and the Netherlands. Some soldiers from the Brigade helped create displaced persons camps for Jewish survivors of the Holocaust. Brigade members also became involved in organizing the flight of Jewish refugees from eastern Europe and their clandestine entry into Palestine. Individual soldiers acquired arms for the Hagana, the major Jewish underground defense organization in Palestine.

Britain disbanded the Jewish Brigade Group in the summer of 1946. Some 30,000 Jewish volunteers from Palestine served with the British forces during World War II. More than 700 were killed during active duty

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JEWISH AGENCY POSTER ENCOURAGING ENLISTING IN THE BRITISH ARMY

Join the Jewish Brigade!
Poster on behalf of the recruitment bureaus of the Jewish Agency for Israel. Printing of a. Levin Epstein & Sons Ltd. 1939, You can count on one hand the amount of these posters that are left!
Height 62 cm, width 46 cm.
The Israeli veterans
Volunteers of the Yishuv for the British Army during World War II 1939 – 1945
World War II broke out in September 1939 with the German army invading Poland.
The Jewish community in Palestine (Israel) then numbered about half a million people. Many of the countrymen felt obliged to join the war against Hitler and his army. Arabs hardly enlisted, while from the Jewish community about 40,000 men and women volunteered for all branches of the British army.
The issue of the recruitment of compatriots to the British army provoked controversy in a settlement that was in serious conflict with the British government and its “White Paper” policy, a document that restricted immigration to the country and the purchase of land in it. This and more. An ostrich that the German army, under the command of General Rommel, stood at the gates of Egypt, in the country there were those who preferred to provide manpower to protect the settlement itself.
Ben-Gurion decided by saying that we must help the English as if there were no “White Paper” and fight the “White Paper” as if there were no war.
As mentioned, close to 40,000 members of the settlement volunteered for all branches of the British army and served in Israel, the Middle East, the Western Desert and Africa. Eventually, they arrived in Europe and were the first to meet the She’erit HaPleita, give them significant help and help bring them to Israel. Few served in the Far East when the war moved there, about 800 people fell dead in the war.
It is worth noting that in this war against Hitler’s army were for the first time all the Jewish soldiers on one side of the barricade, one and a half million Jews served in the Allied armies in World War II.
The volunteers from Palestine tried to maintain the Jewish and Zionist character of their units, some in British units, some in independent units. The highlight was the establishment of the Jewish Brigade in 1944.
The experience gained in the British army contributed significantly to the establishment of the IDF.
David Ben Gurion:
“We must help the British as if there is no ‘White Paper’ and fight the ‘White Paper’ as if there is no war.”
background
Volunteering of the Jewish community in Eretz Israel for the British army during World War II 1945 – 1939
World War II broke out in September 1939 with the German army invading Poland.
The Jewish community in Palestine (Israel) then numbered about half a million people. Many of the countrymen felt obliged to join the war against Hitler and his army. Arabs hardly enlisted, while from the Jewish community about 40,000 men and women volunteered for all branches of the British army.
The issue of the recruitment of compatriots to the British army provoked controversy in a settlement that was in serious conflict with the British government and its “White Paper” policy, a document that restricted immigration to the country and the purchase of land in it. This and more. An ostrich that the German army, under the command of General Rommel, stood at the gates of Egypt, in the country there were those who preferred to provide manpower to protect the settlement itself.
Ben-Gurion decided by saying that we must help the English as if there were no “White Paper” and fight the “White Paper” as if there were no war.
As mentioned, close to 40,000 members of the settlement volunteered for all branches of the British army and served in Israel, the Middle East, the Western Desert and Africa. To the water, arrived in Europe and were the first to meet the refugees, provided them with significant assistance and helped bring them to Israel. Few served in the Far East when the war moved there, about 800 people fell dead in the war.
It is worth noting that in this war against Hitler’s army were for the first time all the Jewish soldiers on one side of the barricade, one and a half million Jews served in the Allied armies in World War II.
The volunteers from Palestine tried to maintain the Jewish and Zionist character of their units, some in British units, some in independent units. The highlight was the establishment of the Jewish Brigade in 1944.
The experience gained in the British army contributed significantly to the establishment of the IDF.

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