The map depicting the steps of the wars of Independence from 14.5.1948- 20.07.1949(Armistice agreement) printed in Jerusalem. KartaSome spots on the top of the map (see images).Contact us for more details.The poster can be framed cost of $95

Israel’s War of Independence (1947-1949) In human terms, the War of Independence was Israel’s costliest war, with over 6,000 Israelis were killed and 15,000 wounded. The war consisted of 39 separate operations, fought from the borders of Lebanon to the Sinai Peninsula and Eilat.​​ null Israeli soldiers view Syrian tank destroyed at Kibbutz Degania (Photo: GPO) In December 1946 – at the first post-war Zionist Congress in Basle – David Ben Gurion assumed the defense portfolio, including responsibility for the Haganah, which at the time concentrated on the struggle against the British.

Vintage Israeli Poster Map “The Old City of Jerusalem” 1950s

Jewish communities have existed across the Middle East and North Africa since Antiquity. By the time of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century, these ancient communities had been ruled by various empires and included the Babylonian, Persian, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and Yemenite Jews. Jews under Islamic rule were given the status of dhimmi, along with certain other pre-Islamic religious groups.[1] Though second-class citizens, these non-Muslim groups were nevertheless accorded certain rights and protections as “people of the book”. During waves of persecution in Medieval Europe, many Jews found refuge in Muslim lands.[2] For instance, Jews expelled from the Iberian Peninsula were invited to settle in various parts of the Ottoman Empire, where they would often form a prosperous model minority of merchants acting as intermediaries for their Muslim rulers. Today, Jews residing in Muslim countries have been reduced to a small fraction of their former sizes, with Iran and Turkey being home to the largest remaining Jewish populations.andlt;pandgt;There were, for a long but uncertain period, a significant number of Jews in Arabia. Historians claim that very large numbers of Jews andamp;ndash; as many as 80,000 andamp;ndash; arrived after the destruction of the First Temple, to join others already long-established in places such as the oasis of Khaybar as well as the trading colonies in Medina and Mecca (where they had their own cemetery). Another theory posits that these Jews were refugees from Byzantine persecutions. Arab historians mention some 20 Jewish communities, including two of Kohanim.[3] The Constitution of Medina, written shortly after hijra, addressed some points regarding the civil and religious situation for the Jewish communities living within the city from an Islamic perspective. For example, the constitution stated that the Jews “will profess their religion, and the Muslims theirs”, and they “shall be responsible for their expenditure, and the Muslims for theirs”. After the Battle of Badr, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa breached treaties and agreements with Muhammad. Muhammad regarded this as casus belli and besieged the Banu Qaynuqa. Upon surrender the tribe was expelled.[4] The following year saw the expulsion of the second tribe, the Banu Nadir, accused of planning to kill the prophet Muhammad. The third major Jewish tribe in Medina, Banu Qurayza was eliminated after allegedly betraying the Muslims during the Battle of the Trench. However, there were many Jewish communities in Medina who continued to live in Medina peacefully after these events such as Banu Awf, Banu Harith, Banu Jusham Banu Alfageer, Banu Najjar, Banu Sa’ida, and Banu Shutayba.[5][6] In year 20 of the Muslim era, or the year 641 AD, Muhammad’s successor the Caliph Umar decreed that Jews and Christians should be removed from all but the southern and eastern fringes of Arabiaandamp;mdash;a decree based on the (sometimes disputed) uttering of the Prophet: “Let there not be two religions in Arabia”. The two populations in question were the Jews of the Khaybar oasis in the north and the Christians of Najran.[7][8] Only the Red Sea port of Jeddah was permitted as a “religious quarantine area” and continued to have a small complement of Jewish merchants.andlt;/pandgt;

printed in Jerusalem. Karta 1950s
Joshua was a major figure in the events of the Exodus. He was charged by Moses with selecting and commanding a militia group for their first battle after exiting Egypt, against the Amalekites in Rephidim (Exodus 17:8-16), in which they were victorious. He later accompanied Moses when he ascended biblical Mount Sinai to commune with God,[11] visualize God’s plan for the Israelite tabernacle and receive the Ten Commandments. Joshua was with Moses when he descended from the mountain, heard the Israelites’ celebrations around the Golden Calf,[12] and broke the tablets bearing the words of the commandments. Similarly, in the narrative which refers to Moses being able to speak with God in his tent of meeting outside the camp, Joshua is seen as custodian of the tent (‘tabernacle of meeting’) when Moses returned to the Israelite encampment.[13] However, when Moses returned to the mountain to re-create the tablets recording the Ten Commandments,

andlt;pandgt;The Hasmonean dynasty[ (/ˌhandamp;aelig;zməˈniːən/; Hebrew: חשמונאיםandamp;lrm;andamp;lrm;, Roman. Ḥashmona’im) was the ruling dynasty of Judea and surrounding regions during classical antiquity. Between c.andamp;thinsp;140 and c.andamp;thinsp;116 BCE the dynasty ruled semi-autonomously from the Seleucids in the region of Judea. From 110 BCE, with the Seleucid empire disintegrating, the dynasty became fully independent, expanded into the neighbouring regions of Samaria, Galilee, Iturea, Perea, and Idumea, and took the title “basileus”. Some modern scholars refer to this period as an independent kingdom of Israel.[3] In 63 BCE, the kingdom was conquered by the Roman Republic, broken up and set up as a Roman client state. The dynasty had survived for 103 years before yielding to the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE. Even then, Herod the Great tried to bolster the legitimacy of his reign by marrying a Hasmonean princess, Mariamne, and planning to drown the last male Hasmonean heir at his Jericho palace. The dynasty was established under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus, two decades after his brother Judas the Maccabee ( יהודה המכבי “Y’hudhah HaMakabi”) defeated the Seleucid army during the Maccabean Revolt. According to historical sources, including 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees and the first book of The Jewish War by Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (AD 37andamp;ndash;c.andamp;thinsp;100),[4] after Antiochus IV’s successful invasion of Ptolemaic Egypt was turned back by the intervention of the Roman Republic,[5][6] Antiochus instead moved to assert strict control over the Seleucid satrapy of Coele Syria and Phoenicia,[7] sacking Jerusalem and its Temple, suppressing Jewish and Samaritan religious and cultural observances,[7] and imposing Hellenistic practices. The ensuing revolt by the Jews (167 BCE) began a twenty-five-year period of Jewish independence potentiated by the steady collapse of the Seleucid Empire under attacks from the rising powers of the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire. However, the same power vacuum that enabled the Jewish state to be recognized by the Roman Senate c.andamp;thinsp;139 BCE was later exploited by the Romans themselves. Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, Simon’s great-grandsons, became pawns in a proxy war between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great. The deaths of Pompey (48 BCE), Caesar (44 BCE), and the related Roman civil wars temporarily relaxed Rome’s grip on Israel, allowing a very brief Hasmonean resurgence backed by the Parthian Empire. This short independence was rapidly crushed by the Romans under Mark Antony and Octavian. The installation of Herod the Great (an Idumean) as king in 37 BCE made Israel a Roman client state and marked the end of the Hasmonean dynasty. In AD 6, Rome joined Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea (biblical Edom) into the Roman province of Iudaea. In AD 44, Rome installed the rule of a Roman procurator side by side with the rule of the Herodian kings (specifically Agrippa I 41andamp;ndash;44 and Agrippa II 50andamp;ndash;100).andlt;/pandgt;